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Feature and extension flags

The Knative API is designed to be portable, and abstracts away specific implementation details for user deployments. The intention of the API is to empower users to surface extra features and extensions that are possible within their platform of choice.

This document introduces two concepts:

Feature
A way to stage the introduction of features to the Knative API.
Extension
A way to extend Knative beyond the portable concepts of the Knative API.

Configuring flags

Features and extensions are controlled by flags.

You can define flags in the config-features ConfigMap in the knative-serving namespace.

Flags can have the following values:

Enabled
The feature or extension is enabled and currently in use.
Allowed
The feature or extension is enabled and can be used, for example, by using an additional annotation or spec configuration for a resource.
Disabled
The feature cannot be used.

Lifecycle

When features and extensions are introduced to Knative, they follow a lifecycle of three stages:

Alpha stage
Might contain bugs.
Support for the feature might be dropped at any time without notice.
The API might change in a later software release in ways that make it incompatible with older releases without notice.
Recommended for use only in short-lived testing clusters, due to increased risk of bugs and lack of long-term support.
Beta stage
The feature is well tested and safe to enable.
Support for the overall feature will not be dropped, though details might change.
The schema and semantics of objects might change in incompatible ways in a subsequent beta or stable release. If this happens, instructions are provided for migrating to the next version. These types of changes might require you to delete, modify, or re-create API objects, and might require downtime for applications that rely on the feature.
Recommended for only non-business-critical uses because of the potential for incompatible changes in subsequent releases. If you have multiple clusters that can be upgraded independently, you might be able to relax this restriction.
General Availability (GA) stage
Stable versions of the feature or extension are included in official, stable Knative releases.

Feature lifecycle stages

Features use flags to safely introduce new changes to the Knative API. The following definitions explain the default implementation for features at different stages:

Alpha stage
The feature is disabled by default, but you can manually enable it.
Beta stage
The feature is enabled by default, but you can manually disable it.
GA stage
The feature is always enabled; you cannot disable it.
The corresponding feature flag is no longer needed and is removed from Knative.

Extension lifecycle stages

An extension surfaces details of a specific Knative implementation, or features of the underlying environment.

Note

Extensions are never included in the core Knative API due to their lack of portability.

Each extension is always controlled by a flag and is never enabled by default.

Alpha stage
The feature is disabled by default, but you can manually enable it.
Beta stage
The feature is allowed by default.
GA stage
The feature is allowed by default.

Available Flags

Multiple containers

  • Type: Feature
  • ConfigMap key: multi-container

This flag allows specifying multiple user containers in a Knative Service spec.

Only one container can handle requests, so exactly one container must have a port specified.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: first-container
          image: ghcr.io/knative/helloworld-go:latest
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
        - name: second-container
          image: gcr.io/knative-samples/helloworld-java

Multiple Container Probing

  • Type: Feature
  • ConfigMap key: multi-container-probing

This flag allows specifying probes (readiness/liveness) for multiple containers in a Knative Service spec. Please use this feature flag in combination with multiple containers above.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: first-container
          image: ghcr.io/knative/helloworld-go:latest
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              port: 8080
        - name: second-container
          image: gcr.io/knative-samples/helloworld-java
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              port: 8090

Kubernetes EmptyDir Volume

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-volumes-emptydir

This extension controls whether emptyDir volumes can be specified.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
          ...
          volumeMounts:
            - name: cache
              mountPath: /cache
      volumes:
        - name: cache
          emptyDir: {}

Kubernetes PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC)

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap keys: kubernetes.podspec-persistent-volume-claim
    kubernetes.podspec-persistent-volume-write

This extension controls whether PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) can be specified and whether write access is allowed for the corresponding volume.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
 template:
   spec:
     containers:
         ...
         volumeMounts:
           - mountPath: /data
             name: mydata
             readOnly: true
     volumes:
       - name: mydata
         persistentVolumeClaim:
           claimName: minio-pv-claim
           readOnly: true

Kubernetes node affinity

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-affinity

This extension controls whether node affinity can be specified.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/e2e-az-name
                operator: In
                values:
                - e2e-az1
                - e2e-az2

Kubernetes host aliases

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-hostaliases

This flag controls whether host aliases can be specified.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      hostAliases:
      - ip: "127.0.0.1"
        hostnames:
        - "foo.local"
        - "bar.local"

Kubernetes node selector

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-nodeselector

This flag controls whether node selector can be specified.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      nodeSelector:
        labelName: labelValue

Kubernetes toleration

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-tolerations

This flag controls whether tolerations can be specified.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      tolerations:
      - key: "example-key"
        operator: "Exists"
        effect: "NoSchedule"

Kubernetes Downward API

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-fieldref

This flag controls whether the Downward API (environment variable based) can be specified.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: user-container
          image: ghcr.io/knative/helloworld-go:latest
          env:
            - name: MY_NODE_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: spec.nodeName

Kubernetes priority class name

  • Type: extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-priorityclassname

This flag controls whether the priorityClassName can be specified.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      priorityClassName: high-priority
...

Kubernetes dry run

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-dryrun

This flag controls whether Knative attempts to validate the Pod spec derived from a Knative Service spec, by using the Kubernetes API server before accepting the object.

When this extension is enabled, the server always runs this validation.

When this extension is allowed, the server does not run this validation by default.

When this extension is allowed, you can run this validation for individual Services, by adding the features.knative.dev/podspec-dryrun: enabled annotation:

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations: features.knative.dev/podspec-dryrun: enabled
...

Kubernetes runtime class

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-runtimeclassname

This flag controls whether the runtime class can be used.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      runtimeClassName: myclass
...

Kubernetes security context

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-securitycontext

This flag controls whether a subset of the security context can be used.

When set to enabled or allowed, the following PodSecurityContext properties are permitted:

  • FSGroup
  • RunAsGroup
  • RunAsNonRoot
  • SupplementalGroups
  • RunAsUser

When set to enabled or allowed, the following container SecurityContext properties are permitted:

  • RunAsNonRoot (also allowed without this flag only when set to true)
  • RunAsGroup
  • RunAsUser (already allowed without this flag)

Warning

Use this flag with caution. PodSecurityContext properties can affect non-user sidecar containers that come from Knative or your service mesh.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      securityContext:
        runAsUser: 1000
...

Kubernetes security context capabilities

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.containerspec-addcapabilities

This flag controls whether users can add capabilities on the securityContext of the container.

When set to enabled or allowed it allows Linux capabilities to be added to the container.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: helloworld-go
spec:
 template:
  spec:
   containers:
     - image: ghcr.io/knative/helloworld-go:latest
       env:
         - name: TARGET
           value: "Go Sample v1"
       securityContext:
         capabilities:
           add:
             - NET_BIND_SERVICE

Tag header based routing

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: tag-header-based-routing

This flags controls whether tag header based routing is enabled.

Kubernetes init containers

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-init-containers

This flag controls whether init containers can be used.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      ...
      initContainers:
        - name: init-myservice
          image: busybox
          command: ['sh', '-c', "service_setup.sh"]
...

Queue Proxy Pod Info

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: queueproxy.mount-podinfo

You must set this feature to either "enabled or "allowed" when using QPOptions. The flag controls whether Knative mounts the pod-info volume to the queue-proxy container.

Mounting the pod-info volume allows extensions that use QPOptions to access the Service annotations, by reading the /etc/podinfo/annnotations file. See Extending Queue Proxy image with QPOptions for more details.

When this feature is enabled, the pod-info volume is always mounted. This is helpful in case where all or most of the cluster Services are required to use extensions that rely on QPOptions.

When this feature is allowed, the pod-info volume is not mounted by default. Instead, the volume is mounted only for Services that add the features.knative.dev/queueproxy-podinfo: enabled annotation as shown below:

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations: features.knative.dev/queueproxy-podinfo: enabled
...

Kubernetes Topology Spread Constraints

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-topologyspreadconstraints

This flag controls whether topology spread constraints can be specified.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      ...
      topologySpreadConstraints:
      - maxSkew: 1
        topologyKey: node
        whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule
        labelSelector:
          matchLabels:
            foo: bar
...

Kubernetes DNS Policy

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-dnspolicy

This flag controls whether a DNS policy can be specified.

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet
...

Kubernetes Scheduler Name

  • Type: Extension
  • ConfigMap key: kubernetes.podspec-schedulername

This flag controls whether a scheduler name can be specified. 

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
...
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      ...
      schedulerName: custom-scheduler-example
...

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