Knative Source for Apache Kafka¶

The KafkaSource reads messages stored in existing Apache Kafka topics, and sends those messages as CloudEvents through HTTP to its configured sink. The KafkaSource preserves the order of the messages stored in the topic partitions. It does this by waiting for a successful response from the sink before it delivers the next message in the same partition.

Install the KafkaSource controller¶

Install the KafkaSource controller by entering the following command:

kubectl apply -f https://storage.googleapis.com/knative-nightly/eventing-kafka-broker/latest/eventing-kafka-controller.yaml

Install the Kafka Source data plane by entering the following command:

kubectl apply -f https://storage.googleapis.com/knative-nightly/eventing-kafka-broker/latest/eventing-kafka-source.yaml

Verify that kafka-controller and kafka-source-dispatcher are running, by entering the following command:

kubectl get deployments.apps,statefulsets.apps -n knative-eventing

Example output:

NAME                                           READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/kafka-controller               1/1     1            1           3s

NAME                                       READY   AGE
statefulset.apps/kafka-source-dispatcher   1/1     3s

Optional: Create a Kafka topic¶

Note

The create a Kafka topic section assumes you're using Strimzi to operate Apache Kafka, however equivalent operations can be replicated using the Apache Kafka CLI or any other tool.

If you are using Strimzi:

Create a KafkaTopic YAML file:

apiVersion: kafka.strimzi.io/v1beta2
kind: KafkaTopic
metadata:
  name: knative-demo-topic
  namespace: kafka
  labels:
    strimzi.io/cluster: my-cluster
spec:
  partitions: 3
  replicas: 1
  config:
    retention.ms: 7200000
    segment.bytes: 1073741824

Deploy the KafkaTopic YAML file by running the command:
```
kubectl apply -f <filename>.yaml
```
Where <filename> is the name of your KafkaTopic YAML file.

Example output:
```
kafkatopic.kafka.strimzi.io/knative-demo-topic created
```

Ensure that the KafkaTopic is running by running the command:

kubectl -n kafka get kafkatopics.kafka.strimzi.io

Example output:

NAME                 CLUSTER      PARTITIONS   REPLICATION FACTOR
knative-demo-topic   my-cluster   3            1

Create a Service¶

Create the event-display Service as a YAML file:

apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: event-display
  namespace: default
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - # This corresponds to
          # https://github.com/knative/eventing/tree/main/cmd/event_display/main.go
          image: gcr.io/knative-releases/knative.dev/eventing/cmd/event_display

Apply the YAML file by running the command:
```
kubectl apply -f <filename>.yaml
```
Where <filename> is the name of the file you created in the previous step.

Example output:
```
service.serving.knative.dev/event-display created
```

Ensure that the Service Pod is running, by running the command:

kubectl get pods

The Pod name is prefixed with event-display:

NAME                                            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
event-display-00001-deployment-5d5df6c7-gv2j4   2/2       Running   0          72s

Kafka event source¶

Modify source/event-source.yaml accordingly with bootstrap servers, topics, and so on:

apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
kind: KafkaSource
metadata:
  name: kafka-source
spec:
  consumerGroup: knative-group
  bootstrapServers:
  - my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092 # note the kafka namespace
  topics:
  - knative-demo-topic
  sink:
    ref:
      apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
      kind: Service
      name: event-display

Deploy the event source:

kubectl apply -f event-source.yaml

Example output:

kafkasource.sources.knative.dev/kafka-source created

Verify that the KafkaSource is ready:

kubectl get kafkasource kafka-source

Example output:

NAME           TOPICS                   BOOTSTRAPSERVERS                            READY   REASON   AGE
kafka-source   ["knative-demo-topic"]   ["my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092"]   True             26h

Scaling¶

To schedule more or fewer consumers, a KafkaSource can be scaled, and they can be allocated to different dispatcher pods. The kafkasource status displays such allocation under the status.placements key.

You can scale a KafkaSource with kubectl by using the following notation:

kubectl scale kafkasource -n <ns> <kafkasource-name> --replicas=<number-of-replicas> # e.g. 12 replicas for a topic with 12 partitions

Alternatively, if you are using a GitOps approach, you can add the consumers key as shown in the example below and commit it to your repository:

    apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
    kind: KafkaSource
    metadata:
      name: kafka-source
    spec:
      consumerGroup: knative-group
      bootstrapServers:
      - my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092 
      consumers: 12    # Number of replicas
      topics:
      - knative-demo-topic
      sink:
        ref:
          apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
          kind: Service
          name: event-display

Automatic Scaling with KEDA¶

Kafka Sources and Brokers for Apache Kafka have (Alpha) support for serverless scaling with KEDA, including scale to zero. If you want Knative and KEDA to scale your Kafka source for you, you must install KEDA, and then enable the feature flag.

To enable the feature flag, you need to create or modify the config-kafka-features configmap in the knative-eventing namespace. You can create the file as below:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Configmap
    metadata:
      name: config-kafka-features
      namespace: knative-eventing
    data:
      controller-autoscaler-keda: "enabled"

From there, apply the configmap into your cluster and assuming that KEDA is also installed your Kafka Sources will scale for you! For more information on other values you can add to the config-kafka-features configmap, read about the Kafka Broker features.

Verify¶

Produce a message ({"msg": "This is a test!"}) to the Apache Kafka topic as in the following example:

kubectl -n kafka run kafka-producer -ti --image=strimzi/kafka:0.14.0-kafka-2.3.0 --rm=true --restart=Never -- bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap:9092 --topic knative-demo-topic

Tip

If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing Enter.

Verify that the Service received the message from the event source:

kubectl logs --selector='serving.knative.dev/service=event-display' -c user-container

Example output:

☁️ cloudevents.Event
Validation: valid
Context Attributes,
  specversion: 1.0
  type: dev.knative.kafka.event
  source: /apis/v1/namespaces/default/kafkasources/kafka-source#my-topic
  subject: partition:0#564
  id: partition:0/offset:564
  time: 2020-02-10T18:10:23.861866615Z
  datacontenttype: application/json
Extensions,
  key:
Data,
    {
      "msg": "This is a test!"
    }

Handling Delivery Failures¶

The KafkaSource implements the Delivery Specificiation, allowing you to configure event delivery parameters for it, which are applied in cases where an event fails to be delivered:

    apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
    kind: KafkaSource
    metadata:
      name: kafka-source
    spec:
      consumerGroup: knative-group
      bootstrapServers:
      - my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092 # note the kafka namespace
      topics:
      - knative-demo-topic
      delivery:
        deadLetterSink:
          ref:
            apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
            kind: Service
            name: example-sink
        backoffDelay: <duration>
        backoffPolicy: <policy-type>
        retry: <integer>
      sink:
        ref:
          apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
          kind: Service
          name: event-display

The delivery API is discussed in the Handling Delivery Failure chapter.

Optional: Specify the key deserializer¶

When KafkaSource receives a message from Kafka, it dumps the key in the Event extension called Key and dumps Kafka message headers in the extensions starting with kafkaheader.

You can specify the key deserializer among four types:

string (default) for UTF-8 encoded strings
int for 32-bit & 64-bit signed integers
float for 32-bit & 64-bit floating points
byte-array for a Base64 encoded byte array

To specify the key deserializer, add the label kafkasources.sources.knative.dev/key-type to the KafkaSource definition, as shown in the following example:

apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
kind: KafkaSource
metadata:
name: kafka-source
labels:
  kafkasources.sources.knative.dev/key-type: int
spec:
consumerGroup: knative-group
bootstrapServers:
- my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092 # note the kafka namespace
topics:
- knative-demo-topic
sink:
  ref:
    apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
    kind: Service
    name: event-display

Optional: Specify the initial offset¶

By default the KafkaSource starts consuming from the latest offset in each partition. If you want to consume from the earliest offset, set the initialOffset field to earliest, for example:

apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
kind: KafkaSource
metadata:
  name: kafka-source
spec:
consumerGroup: knative-group
initialOffset: earliest
bootstrapServers:
- my-cluster-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:9092 # note the kafka namespace
topics:
- knative-demo-topic
sink:
  ref:
    apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
    kind: Service
    name: event-display

Note

The valid values for initialOffset are earliest and latest. Any other value results in a validation error. This field is honored only if there are no committed offsets for that consumer group.

Connecting to a TLS-enabled Kafka Broker¶

The KafkaSource supports TLS and SASL authentication methods. To enable TLS authentication, you must have the following files:

CA Certificate
Client Certificate and Key

KafkaSource expects these files to be in PEM format. If they are in another format, such as JKS, convert them to PEM.

Create the certificate files as secrets in the namespace where KafkaSource is going to be set up, by running the commands:

kubectl create secret generic cacert --from-file=caroot.pem

kubectl create secret tls kafka-secret --cert=certificate.pem --key=key.pem

Apply the KafkaSource. Modify the bootstrapServers and topics fields accordingly.

apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
kind: KafkaSource
metadata:
 name: kafka-source-with-tls
spec:
 net:
   tls:
     enable: true
     cert:
       secretKeyRef:
         key: tls.crt
         name: kafka-secret
     key:
       secretKeyRef:
         key: tls.key
         name: kafka-secret
     caCert:
       secretKeyRef:
         key: caroot.pem
         name: cacert
 consumerGroup: knative-group
 bootstrapServers:
 - my-secure-kafka-bootstrap.kafka:443
 topics:
 - knative-demo-topic
 sink:
   ref:
     apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
     kind: Service
     name: event-display

Enabling SASL for KafkaSources¶

Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) is used by Apache Kafka for authentication. If you use SASL authentication on your cluster, users must provide credentials to Knative for communicating with the Kafka cluster, otherwise events cannot be produced or consumed.

Prerequisites¶

You have access to a Kafka cluster that has Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL).

Procedure¶

Create a secret that uses the Kafka cluster's SASL information, by running the following commands:

STRIMZI_CRT=$(kubectl -n kafka get secret example-cluster-cluster-ca-cert --template='{{index.data "ca.crt"}}' | base64 --decode )

SASL_PASSWD=$(kubectl -n kafka get secret example-user --template='{{index.data "password"}}' | base64 --decode )

kubectl create secret -n default generic <secret_name> \
    --from-literal=ca.crt="$STRIMZI_CRT" \
    --from-literal=password="$SASL_PASSWD" \
    --from-literal=saslType="SCRAM-SHA-512" \
    --from-literal=user="example-user"

Create or modify a KafkaSource so that it contains the following spec options:

apiVersion: sources.knative.dev/v1beta1
kind: KafkaSource
metadata:
  name: example-source
spec:
...
  net:
    sasl:
      enable: true
      user:
        secretKeyRef:
          name: <secret_name>
          key: user
      password:
        secretKeyRef:
          name: <secret_name>
          key: password
      type:
        secretKeyRef:
          name: <secret_name>
          key: saslType
    tls:
      enable: true
      caCert:
        secretKeyRef:
          name: <secret_name>
          key: ca.crt
...

Where <secret_name> is the name of the secret generated in the previous step.

Clean up steps¶

Delete the Kafka event source:

kubectl delete -f source/source.yaml kafkasource.sources.knative.dev

Example output:

"kafka-source" deleted

Delete the event-display Service:

kubectl delete -f source/event-display.yaml service.serving.knative.dev

Example output:

"event-display" deleted

Optional: Remove the Apache Kafka Topic

kubectl delete -f kafka-topic.yaml

Example output:

kafkatopic.kafka.strimzi.io "knative-demo-topic" deleted